Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal condition affecting women in their reproductive years. In PCOS, the normal maturation and release of eggs in the ovaries are disrupted, leading to the formation of tiny cysts within the ovaries. This can result in enlarged ovaries with groups of fluid-filled cysts on the outer surface. The condition is associated with decreased fertility and an irregular menstrual cycle, characterised by light menstrual flow.
Symptoms of PCOS:
> Irregular menstrual cycles – This can mean having infrequent periods or experiencing periods that last longer than usual. Difficulty getting pregnant may also be a symptom.
> Elevated levels of androgen hormone – This results in excess hair growth on the face and body, known as hirsutism. In some cases, severe acne and male-pattern baldness may also occur.
> Enlarged ovaries – PCOS may lead to the enlargement of the ovaries, with the development of numerous follicles containing eggs along the ovary’s edge. This can potentially affect the ovaries’ regular functioning.
Treatment for PCOS depends on the patient’s age, symptoms and desire to conceive in future.
> Hormone Treatment
Hormone treatment may be recommended for patients with higher BMI, in addition to exercise and weight loss. This may help patient to achieve a normal menstrual cycle.
> Diet and Exercise
A healthy diet, regularly exercise and weight loss will promote a normal menstrual cycle and also improve fertility.
> Medication
Certain medications such as oral contraceptive pills can help in regulating menstrual cycles and decreasing the presence of male hormones in the body.
> Laparoscopic Keyhole Surgery
When medication and other treatment fail, the doctor may recommend performing laparoscopic keyhole surgery on the polycystic ovaries.