What are Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts are sacs filled with fluid that develop either on or inside the ovaries, which are a part of the female reproductive
system. The size of these cysts can vary. The majority of ovarian
cysts are non-cancerous (benign) and typically resolve spontaneously without presenting any symptoms or complications. Ovarian cysts can be categorised into two types:

Functional Cysts
Functional cysts are small and can form on the ovaries during a woman’s regular menstrual cycle. They are not harmful and usually disappear after a short time. These cysts are a natural part of a woman’s reproductive process.

Pathological Cysts
Pathological cysts form due to some changes or problems in the ovaries, and they are not part of the regular menstrual cycle. While most pathological cysts are not cancerous or dangerous, some types may need closer monitoring or treatment.

Treatment for Ovarian Cysts

Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on factors such as the size of the cyst and if there are any abnormal features spotted through ultrasound. Small cysts may be monitored for a few months to track if they become abnormal.

> Laparoscopy (Keyhole Surgery)

For patients with low risk of malignancy, the laparoscopy or keyhole surgery approach may be used, as it provides a faster recovery.

> Traditional Open Surgery

For patients with large or abnormal cysts, traditional open surgery may be recommended.

> Cystectomy

A cystectomy may be recommended to remove a cyst (or cysts) on or within the ovary. This is usually recommended for patients who desire to conceive, as the ovarian tissues for reproductive and hormonal function are preserved.

> Oophorectomy

For patients who have high risk of ovarian cancer, oophorectomy may be recommended to remove the entire ovary. This surgical procedure helps to reduce the risk of developing ovarian cancer or cysts in the future. For more severe cases, the removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries may be necessary.